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The shift from identity to difference: The main stages

Since Western culture is born in relation to the dominance of identity at the expense of diversity, held out by regulation, must proceed on the reconstruction of Western thought, and headed for a new paradigm: the difference . Educating to overturn
significant difference rooted concepts and thoughts, which have nourished the growth of Western culture throughout its history.

The need to identify ordering has deep roots. Just think of the principle of identity and non-contradiction of Parmenides, also referred to by Aristotle and it nell'Organon accompanied by the principle of excluded middle.
Only during the Enlightenment begin to spread a problematic attitude toward what exists beyond the individual, which will lay the foundation for the defense of human dignity and the recognition of difference.

John Locke expressed the need for the coexistence of a variety of possible attitudes religious, philosophical and ethical.

The emergence of cultural hierarchy erase ancient cultures and the thought of Claude Levi-Strauss help to raise awareness of the refusal of ethnocentrism . He described two types of companies. The company hot , technological development and ever-changing society and cold, remained very underdeveloped. Between the two, they represent, the anthropologist, balanced system of man-nature relationship and thus are un modello per le civiltà occidentali. Con Levi- Strauss i primitivi, considerati da sempre selvaggi e inferiori, diventano l’incarnazione di una Umanità più pura da perseguire.

Il pensiero negativo di Nietzsche guarderà oltre l’Occidente decostruendone i miti, i principi e le regole. Infatti, partendo dalla considerazione che l’uomo è gettato in un mondo che non ha creato lui e che è essenzialmente un essere- per- la- morte, egli rivela come la finitezza e la precarietà umana conducono l’uomo a costruire delle certezze necessarie per la sua sopravvivenza.

But with the psychoanalytic revolution that Western identity is struck to the heart. The tripartite division of 'I (id, ego, superego) of Sigmund Freud opens the way for' affirmation of diversity at the expense of identity, diversity at the expense of uniqueness.

These are the main steps that led to the shift from identity to difference in Western culture. But the reconstruction of Western thought is not exhausted in these stages. Today we must continue to prevent a return to this reworking of identity that continues to be a threat, despite the theoretical advances that we have enumerated.